If you’re thinking about a career in physical therapy, you’ve probably come across two common roles: physical therapist vs physical therapist assistant. At first glance, they might sound similar, but there are clear differences in training, responsibilities, and how each role helps patients.
Some people choose to become a physical therapist to lead treatment planning and specialize in clinical care, especially considering the job outlook in the field. Others prefer the faster path of becoming a physical therapist assistant, where they can work directly with patients and start helping sooner.
This guide breaks down the key differences between a physical therapy assistant vs physical therapist, which include considerations of job growth. We’ll cover education requirements, job duties, salary, work environments, and career outlook so you can make an informed decision that fits your goals.
Comparing Two Career Paths in Physical Therapy
Choosing between becoming a physical therapist and a physical therapist assistant is one of the first major decisions for anyone interested in physical therapy. While both roles are part of the same patient care team, the day-to-day responsibilities, education requirements, career paths, and key characteristics are different. If you’re trying to understand the key differences between a physical therapy assistant vs physical therapist, this article breaks it down clearly and practically.
Education Requirements and Credentials
Becoming a Physical Therapist
To become a licensed physical therapist, you need to complete a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree. This typically requires:
- A bachelor’s degree (usually in exercise science, biology, or another health-related major)
- Acceptance into a DPT program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)
- 3 years of formal education in areas such as biomechanics, neuroscience, and patient care
- Required clinical rotations in various settings
- Passing the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) to obtain licensure
This process usually takes around 7 years from start to finish.
Becoming a Physical Therapist Assistant
To become a physical therapist assistant, the path is shorter and more accessible. Here’s what most physical therapist assistants complete:
- A high school diploma
- An associate’s degree from a CAPTE-accredited program
- Hands-on experience during clinical training
- Passing the national physical therapy exam specific to assistants
- State-specific licensure requirements
Most PTA programs take about 2 years, including on-the-job training in a clinical setting.
Comparison Table: PT vs. PTA Education
| Requirement | Physical Therapist (PT) | Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) |
|---|---|---|
| Degree | Bachelor’s + DPT | Associate’s Degree |
| Program Length | ~7 years | ~2 years |
| Clinical Rotations | Yes | Yes |
| Licensure Exam | NPTE | NPTE for PTAs |
| Accredited Program Required | Yes | Yes |
Job Duties and Scope of Work
What Physical Therapists Do
Physical therapists are licensed healthcare professionals who diagnose and create treatment plans for patients with chronic conditions, mobility-related injuries, or recovery needs, often earning a median annual wage that reflects their expertise. They:
- Perform the initial evaluation
- Design individualized care plans
- Supervise therapy staff and therapy aides
- Monitor and adjust therapeutic exercises
- Work in physical therapy offices, outpatient clinics, and hospitals
- Handle clerical duties like documentation and insurance forms
What Physical Therapist Assistants Do
PTAs work under the supervision of a licensed physical therapist. Their job includes:
- Assisting patients with specific exercises
- Providing hands-on therapy, like stretches and massages
- Reporting changes in the patient’s status
- Educating family members on follow-up care
- Supporting therapy in skilled nursing facilities, outpatient clinics, and physical therapists’ offices
They help patients recover by improving mobility, reducing pain, and guiding them through therapy sessions based on the PT’s plan.
Key Differences in Job Duties
| Task | PT | PTA |
|---|---|---|
| Create treatment plans | ✅ | ❌ |
| Assist patients directly | ✅ | ✅ |
| Provide hands-on therapy | ✅ | ✅ |
| Perform initial evaluation | ✅ | ❌ |
| Adjust treatment goals | ✅ | ❌ |
| Document and report patient progress | ✅ | ✅ |
| Supervise aides and assistants | ✅ | ❌ |
Work Environments and Daily Settings
Both PTs and PTAs can be found working in similar environments, including:
- Physical therapy offices
- Outpatient clinics
- Skilled nursing facilities
- Hospitals
- Home health care settings
Physical therapists may also work in administrative roles, manage clinics, or consult on more complex patient cases, especially in response to an aging population. PTAs typically provide daily care and hands-on experience with patients throughout their treatment areas.
Licensure and Certification Process
PT Licensure
- Completion of a CAPTE-accredited DPT program
- Passing the National Physical Therapy Examination
- Meeting state-specific licensure requirements
- Ongoing continuing education
PTA Licensure
- Graduation from an accredited program
- Passing the national physical therapy exam for assistants
- Fulfilling state licensing criteria
- Possible requirements for Basic Life Support (BLS) certification
Salary, Job Outlook, and Growth Potential
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, both roles offer strong salaries and stable job growth.
Median Annual Wage
| Role | Median Salary |
|---|---|
| Physical Therapist | $101,020 |
| Physical Therapist Assistant | $65,510 |
Projected Job Growth
| Role | Projected Growth (2022–2032) |
|---|---|
| Physical Therapist | 14.2% |
| PTA | 25.4% |
Job openings for PTAs are increasing faster due to many baby boomers needing care after heart attacks, strokes, and mobility-related injuries. PTAs also help reduce the cost of physical therapy services, which increases their demand in skilled nursing facilities and modern healthcare environments.
Which Career Path Fits Your Goals?
Both careers support quality care and offer a rewarding career in healthcare. Your choice depends on the time and cost of education, work preferences, and long-term goals.
Comparison Table: Career Path Summary
| Category | PT | PTA |
|---|---|---|
| Education Length | ~7 years | ~2 years |
| Degree | DPT | Associate’s |
| Starting Salary | Higher | Moderate |
| Role Type | Evaluator | Implementer |
| Patient Interaction | Moderate | High |
| Clerical Duties | Yes | Limited |
| Advancement Opportunities | Specialization, management | PTA-to-PT bridge, management |
Career Progression and Related Opportunities
Most physical therapist assistants begin their careers working directly with patients in hospitals, outpatient clinics, or skilled nursing facilities. But the role doesn’t have to stop there. Many PTAs choose to continue their education and take on new responsibilities as their careers grow.
Pathways for Advancement
- PTA-to-PT Bridge Programs: One of the most common next steps is enrolling in a bridge program to become a licensed physical therapist. These programs are designed for working PTAs and often offer flexible schedules. They build on your associate’s degree and clinical experience, allowing you to earn a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree and qualify for the national physical therapy examination. This path is longer but opens up more independence, decision-making, and higher earning potential.
- Teaching and Education Roles: Experienced PTAs sometimes take on instructor roles in accredited PTA programs. They help train the next generation of physical therapy assistants by teaching lab skills, supervising clinical rotations, or offering classroom instruction. Some also assist with professional development workshops for practicing therapists.
- Clinic Management and Leadership: With enough experience, some PTAs move into clinic coordinator or supervisory roles. These positions may involve scheduling, quality assurance, mentoring new staff, and supporting clinic operations. Strong communication and organizational skills are helpful for these roles.
- Specialized Care Areas: PTAs can also focus their work in specific treatment areas such as:
- Pediatrics – working with children to improve mobility and motor function
- Geriatrics – helping older adults manage age-related conditions
- Orthopedics – supporting patients recovering from surgery, fractures, or joint problems
Other Related Career Paths
Even if you decide not to pursue the PT path, your background as a PTA can open doors in related fields:
- Physical Therapy Aide – A non-licensed role focused on supporting therapists with setup, scheduling, and clerical duties
- Exercise Science – Many PTAs go on to earn bachelor’s degrees in exercise science and move into wellness coaching, fitness training, or rehabilitation services
- Speech and Occupational Therapy Support – PTAs may cross-train or support professionals in related fields, like speech therapists or occupational therapists, especially in multidisciplinary clinics
How to Start Your Career in Physical Therapy
If you’re thinking about entering the field of physical therapy, there are two main career paths: becoming a physical therapist or a physical therapy assistant (PTA), both of which have unique demands. Each has its steps, time commitments, and education requirements.
Path to Becoming a Physical Therapist
- Earn a Bachelor’s Degree: Start by completing a bachelor’s degree in a health-related field such as exercise science, biology, or kinesiology. Most Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs require coursework in anatomy, physiology, physics, and chemistry, so it’s helpful to choose a major that includes these classes.
- Apply to a DPT Program: Once you finish your undergraduate degree, you’ll need to apply to a Doctor of Physical Therapy program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE). Admission is competitive and usually requires a solid GPA, letters of recommendation, and observation hours in a physical therapy setting.
- Complete Formal Education and Clinical Rotations: DPT programs typically take about three years to complete. They include classroom instruction and hands-on clinical experience in hospitals, outpatient clinics, and other healthcare settings. Clinical rotations help you apply what you’ve learned and gain experience treating real patients.
- Pass the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE): After graduation, you’ll need to pass the NPTE to become licensed. Every state requires this exam, and some states may have additional requirements.
- Obtain State Licensure: Once you pass the NPTE, apply for licensure in the state where you plan to work. Licensure must be maintained through continuing education and periodic renewal.
Path to Becoming a Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA)
- Graduate with a High School Diploma: Most PTA programs require a high school diploma or GED. Strong grades in science and math can help during the admissions process.
- Apply to an Accredited PTA Program: Look for a program accredited by CAPTE. These associate’s degree programs usually take about two years and include both academic coursework and clinical training.
- Complete Clinical Experience: During your program, you’ll work in a clinical setting where you’ll gain hands-on experience assisting patients, learning therapy techniques, and working with supervising physical therapists.
- Pass the National Physical Therapy Exam for Assistants: After graduation, you must pass the national physical therapy exam to be eligible for licensure. The exam tests your knowledge of patient care, safety, and therapy procedures.
- Obtain Licensure for Your State: Every state requires PTAs to be licensed or certified. In addition to passing the exam, some states may require a background check or additional documentation.
Why Work with Flagstar Rehab
At Flagstar Rehab, we place licensed physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and allied health professionals in trusted healthcare facilities across the country. Whether you’re just starting your career or looking for your next job in patient care, we can connect you with the right work environment.
- Access to job openings in top physical therapy offices and skilled nursing facilities
- Help with licensure, applications, and placements
- Support for new graduates and experienced professionals
Conclusion
The difference between a physical therapist and a physical therapist assistant comes down to how each supports patient care, how long it takes to enter the field, and what responsibilities they carry. PTs focus on evaluations and treatment planning, while PTAs carry out those plans and work more directly with patients each day. Both paths offer stable, meaningful work in modern healthcare settings. As highlighted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, job growth for these roles remains strong due to the aging population and increasing demand for physical therapy services. Whether you’re drawn to leading care plans or want to get started with hands-on support, both careers offer long-term opportunity, especially with the right training and support from a staffing partner like Flagstar Rehab.
Ready to find a job in physical therapy?
Flagstar Rehab helps connect physical therapy professionals with roles that match their goals. Whether you’re looking for your first PTA position or preparing to apply after graduating from a DPT program, we can help you take the next step.
Frequently Asked Questions
What can a physical therapist do that a physical therapist assistant can’t?
A licensed physical therapist (PT) can perform patient evaluations, diagnose conditions, and create or change treatment plans. PTs also make final decisions about the direction of care. Physical therapist assistants (PTAs) cannot diagnose or modify a care plan; they follow the treatment plan set by the PT and provide hands-on therapy under supervision.
Can you go from a physical therapy assistant to a physical therapist?
Yes. Many physical therapist assistants continue their education through PTA-to-PT bridge programs. These programs allow PTAs to apply their previous coursework and clinical experience toward earning a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree. After completing a DPT program, they must pass the National Physical Therapy Examination and meet state licensure requirements to become a licensed physical therapist.
What is the lowest degree you need for a career in physical therapy?
To become a physical therapist assistant, the lowest required degree is an associate’s degree from an accredited physical therapy assistant program. To become a physical therapist, you need a bachelor’s degree followed by a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree. Both roles require licensure exams and clinical experience.
Are physical therapist assistants being phased out?
No. Physical therapist assistants are not being phased out. In fact, job openings for PTAs are expected to grow. As highlighted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for physical therapy services is increasing due to an aging population and a rise in mobility-related injuries. PTAs continue to play a key role in delivering hands-on patient care in clinics, hospitals, and skilled nursing facilities.
